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Objective:To examine the burden of caregivers for elderly Parkinson's patients(PD)and to analyze the mediating effects of social support on primary PD caregivers' burden and their quality of life.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 281 primary caregivers for elderly Parkinson's patients who visited the Department of Neurology's outpatient clinics of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January to May 2021 were surveyed via a convenience sampling method, with 242 valid questionnaires(86.1%). The Chinese versions of the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were used for the investigation.Pearson correlation analysis was used to establish a structural equation model for the influence of social support in the burden and quality of life of caregivers for PD patients.The mediating effects were tested using Process v2.16.3 and re-tested using AMOS.The mediating effects were validated with Bootstrap.Results:Primary caregivers' scores on burden, social support and quality of life were(26.9±23.1), (40.5±8.7)and(593.7±163.3), respectively.Caregiver burden was negatively correlated with social support(r=-0.482, P<0.01), and social support was positively correlated with quality of life(r=0.513, P<0.01). Caregiver burden was negatively correlated with quality of life( r=-0.654, P<0.01), The validated mediating effects showed caregiver burden's direct effects on quality of life(95% CI: -0.38-0.61)and mediating effects of social support(95% CI: -0.08-0.21), not including 0, indicating that the care burden of primary caregivers for elderly PD patients was not only able to predict their quality of life, but also predict their quality of life through the mediating effects of social support(direct effect: -0.50 and mediating effect: -0.14, accounting for 78.0% and 22.0%, respectively, of the total effect of -0.64). Conclusions:Care burden and social support are important factors affecting the quality of life of primary caregivers for elderly PD patients.Reducing care burden can not only directly affect the quality of life, but also indirectly affect the quality of life by increasing social support.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the HPCE chromatogram of prepared products of Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) for analyzing the difference of Alkaloids in RC prepared by different methods, in order to offering reference for studies on the preparing mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chromatograms were obtained by HPCE, in which the background electrolyte was 0.05 mol x L(-1) Na2B4O7-H3PO4 (pH 7.0) containing 35% MeOH. The voltage was 15 kV, the detection wavelength was 225 nm, and the samples were developed at room temperature. The correlation relativity of retention time and peak area of each chromatographic peak in different prepared samples were explored, respectively, and benzyl tri-ethyl ammonium chloride was chosen as the reference to calculate the relative retention time and the ratio of peak area for each chromatographic peak.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight co-possessing peaks were selected as the characteristic of different prepared products of RC. The relative area of the same peak in different prepared products were distinct, but the area ratio of the 8 peaks in each product prepared with the same method was a relative constancy basically.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is proved that the new method is stable and reliable. It can be used as the characteristic chromatogram of the prepared RC, and it can be useful in the quality control of this material.</p>
Subject(s)
Alkaloids , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Coptis , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Rhizome , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To discuss and analyze the serum epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B among people in Jinan in order to formulate applicable community nursing measures to control hepatitis B. Methods The serum marker of hepatitis B was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 26756 serum samples by strict operation according to the kit introduction. The data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results The positive rate of HBsAg was 7.39%, among which the positive rate of male was 8.81% and female 5.54%, which was lower than that of the male (P<0.01). The positive rate of people lower than 20 years old was lower than those of above 20 years old. The positive rate of male from 21 to 30 years old was lower than those from 41 to 50 years old (P<0.05). No difference was seen between people with different professionals. Conclusions Vaccine inoculation of hepatitis B for susceptible population combined with community health education about hepatitis B related knowledge and comprehensive nursing intervention proved to be the pivotal measures for the control and prevention of hepatitis B.
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Objective To discuss hemorheologic changes and hepatic function in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and its correlation with HBV genotype.Methods Relative index of hemorheologic changes,ALT,HBV-DNA and HBV genotype were examined in 96 CHB patients and 24 healthy control people.The results underwent correlation analysis.Results Low-shear blood viscosity and RBC aggregation index were significantly higher in CHB patients than those in the healthy control people(P＜0.05).Low-shear blood viscosity and RBC aggregation index were significantly higher in CHB patients with abnormal ALT than those CHB patients with normal ALT and the healthy control people(P＜0.05).No statistical difference was seen when CHB patients with normal ALT were compared with the healthy control people and patients with positive HBV-DNA were compared with patients with nesative HBV-DNA(P＞0.05).No statistical difference was seen in hemorheologic changes in CHB patients with different genotype(P＞0.05).Conclusions Microcirculation disorder of CHB patients is correlated with damage degree of hepatic function.Hemorheologic changes are not correlated with HBV-DNA and HBV genotype,so it can be a relatively independent index for clinical evaluation of disease.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a new operation of breast reduction for gynecomastia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the past 5 years we treated 42 cases (80 sites) of gynecomastia with the double-ring incision, a supra-lateral derma-mammary pedicle of the nipple and areola and the tumescent technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tumescent anesthesia was effective. The operation was easily performed with slight injury and less bleeding. It was safe and the patients recovered quickly. 100 to 500 grams tissue was resected from one breast. There have been no severe postoperative complications, such as nipple or areola necrosis. Follow-up from 3 to 48 months showed satisfactory results except that there was mild scar hypertrophy on the incision around the areola.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The new operation for gynecomastia with the double-ring incision, a supra-lateral derma-mammary pedicle of the nipple and areola, and the tumescent anesthesia is a good, reliable and convenient technique.</p>